The Johannes Kirke was built in 1875 and demolished in 1928. Despite a royal ban, it was repopulated, mainly by the poor and landless who could not afford the expensive life in modern Christiania. Old Oslo was now outside the city walls of Christiania. At the same time the city was named Christiania, after King Christian IV. The houses were now built in stone or out of masonry half-timbering to prevent the spread of fires. The newly built city was built according to the ideal of the Renaissance with rectangular quarters and wide streets and received a fortress with bastions. During the Swedish siege in 1537, the city burned again.Īfter the great fire of 1624, however, the city was not rebuilt, but rather moved closer to Akershus Fortress on the orders of the Danish King Christian IV - Norway was a province of Denmark at the time. After the fires, these buildings were demolished and the stones used for other building purposes. After the Reformation, the monastery and most of the numerous churches fell into disrepair. The city was repeatedly ravaged by city fires, but always rebuilt. The still unfinished Akershus fortress, however, survived the siege. In 1308 Oslo was sacked and burned down by Duke Erik av Södermanland. In the late Middle Ages, Oslo developed into an important merchant and residential city. King Håkon V made Oslo the capital of Norway in 1299, initiated the construction of Akershus Fortress and took care of a number of other building activities such as the construction of St. Clement's and Hallvard's, a hospital, and around 400 townhouses of merchants and craftsmen. There were nine churches within the city walls, including St. The medieval city had two castles, the royal court and the bishop's castle. For this reason, the city celebrated its thousandth anniversary in 2000, while in 1950 it was only its 900th birthday. Recent excavations have uncovered Christian graves dating from around 1000. In Heimskringla, a story of the Norwegian kings, the Icelandic scholar Snorri Sturluson claims that Oslo was founded by King Harald III in 1048. Prehistoric traces can be found in the rock carvings on the Ekeberg. storyįjord à Christiania, Painting by Claude Monet (1895). In front of the town hall and the train station, tiger sculptures are reminiscent of this name, which has since lost its negative sound. In this poem, Oslo is described as a dangerous and ruthless city. The monumental Oslo City Hall, the construction of which took 35 years from 1915 (first architectural competition ) to 1950, can be seen as a symbol of the newly won independence.Ī nickname of the city is Tigerstaden (Tiger City ) after a poem by Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson ("Sidste Sang", 1870). It was not until 1924, twenty years after Norway had gained its independence, it was decided the city in about 300 years to Janu back to its original name Oslo to give. In 1877, under the Swedish-Norwegian King Oskar II, the official spelling in the matriculation and state calendar in Kristiania was changed, while the city administration kept the original spelling until 1897. Compared to the numerous other estuaries such as Nidaros and Namsos, however, the word components river name and estuary are interchanged, whereby the coincidence of two identical vowels was avoided.Īfter a major fire in 1624, the city was relocated about one kilometer northwest under the Danish King Christian IV and renamed Christiania. The most common explanation derives the name Oslo from the Alnaelva river, which in earlier times was called Lo (en). Christiania Torv, a sculpture by Wenche Gulbransen in the squareīoth o are - as in most words - pronounced in Norwegian like German u, ie or.
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